A high-risk pregnancy is a pregnancy that poses a threat of potential complications that could affect the mother, the baby, or both. High risk pregnancies require regular monitoring and special care from a specialist to help ensure the best outcome for the mother and baby.
Identifying the cause of a high-risk pregnancy and taking extra care of yourself and your baby is key to preventing additional complications.
An obstetrician will determine whether your pregnancy is of high risk based on the chances of having complications that could impact the mother or baby during pregnancy, and result in pre-term delivery. Sometimes, a pregnancy can be identified as high risk before a woman falls pregnant.
Factors that could indicate a high-risk pregnancy include women who:
Are aged over 35 years – the risk of genetic disorders and miscarriage increases with ageAre pregnant with multiples (twins, triplets, quadruplets, etc.)Have delivered prematurely in a previous pregnancy or have a history of pregnancy complicationsHave had difficulty falling pregnant or have a history of miscarriageHave existing health conditions, such as diabetes, cardiac conditions, epilepsy or high body mass index (BMI)Have uterine abnormalities or other female reproductive disordersHave had prenatal tests that indicate fetal anomalies or other serious health problems
As mentioned, a high risk pregnancy can sometimes be identified before a woman is pregnant. Other times, an otherwise healthy woman may also become high risk during the course of her pregnancy. It is for this reason that careful, experienced antenatal care is important for all women.
Sometimes, pregnant women can develop or be diagnosed with pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia is the most common serious medical condition that occurs during pregnancy. Symptoms include high blood pressure, urinary protein and swelling. If not treated, preeclampsia can be dangerous or even fatal for the mother or baby. However, with proper management, most women who develop preeclampsia have healthy babies.
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. However, women with this condition can still have a healthy pregnancy, provided that they follow a treatment plan. Typically, the diabetes will resolve after delivery.
There are many ways to support both your health and your baby’s health during pregnancy — whether you’re managing a high-risk pregnancy or simply want to reduce your risk of complications.
Start by scheduling a preconception appointment to discuss any potential risks. Aim to reach a healthy weight before trying to conceive, and choose an obstetrician experienced in high-risk pregnancies if needed. Regular prenatal care is essential for monitoring your health and your baby’s development.
Educate yourself on your condition, if applicable, and adjust your diet to include more protein, fruits, and leafy greens. Quit smoking, drinking, or using drugs, and always consult your doctor about any medications or supplements you’re taking. Stay physically active during pregnancy, as advised by your healthcare provider.
Even with a high-risk pregnancy, it’s entirely possible to have a healthy baby. While it may bring more unpredictability, it doesn’t guarantee complications. Early and consistent prenatal care is the best way to support a safe delivery and a positive outcome for you and your baby.
Women with risk factors should be under the care of an obstetrician who specialises in high-risk pregnancies. These specialists can identify potential concerns early and tailor care accordingly. This may include more frequent checkups, extra scans or blood tests, or planning a C-section ahead of your due date to ensure the safest outcome for both you and your baby.
